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Sopwith Three-seater
The Sopwith Three-seater was a British aircraft designed and built prior to the start of the First World War. One of the first aircraft built by the Sopwith Aviation Company, it was operated by both the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) and the Royal Flying Corps (RFC), being used briefly over Belgium by the RNAS following the start of the War.
==Development and design==
In 1912, Thomas Sopwith, who had learned to fly during 1910 and had set up a flying school at Brooklands, built a tractor configuration biplane using the wings from a Wright Biplane and the fuselage and tail of a Coventry Ordnance Works biplane.〔Mason 1982, p. 78〕 and powered by a 70 hp (52 kW) Gnome Gamma rotary engine.〔Bruce 1982, pp. 491, 628〕 The resulting aircraft, known as the Hybrid, first flew on 4 July 1912.〔Robertson 1970, p. 31〕
The Hybrid was rebuilt in October 1912 and sold to the British Admiralty, being delivered in November 1912.〔〔Robertson 1970, p. 32〕 When the Admiralty tendered further orders for an improved tractor biplane based on the design,Sopwith created the Sopwith Aviation Company, with a factory in a disused roller rink at Kingston upon Thames. The resulting aircraft, known variously as the Three-Seat Tractor Biplane,〔Robertson 1970, p. 210〕 the Sopwith 80 hp Biplane,〔 the Sopwith D1,〔Davis 1999, pp. 12–13〕 or the Sopwith Tractor Biplane,〔''Roots In The Sky - A History of British Aerospace Aircraft'', Oliver Tapper (1980), ISBN 061700323 8; p. 18. "In June 1913 () reached 12,000 feet with one passenger and later, in July, he flew the same machine, this time with three passengers, to the world-record height of 8,400 feet."〕 was flown on 7 February 1913 before being displayed at the International Aero Show at Olympia, London opening on 14 February.〔 It had two-bay wings, with lateral control by wing warping, and was powered by an 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome Lambda rotary engine. It had two cockpits, the pilot sitting aft one and passengers sitting side by side in the forward one. Three transparent celluloid windows were placed in each side of the fuselage to give a good downwards view.〔Bruce 1982, p. 491〕〔Bruce 1957, p. 517〕
A second aircraft was retained by Sopwith as a demonstrator, being used to set a number of British altitude records between June and July 1913. A further two tractor biplanes were built for the RNAS, being delivered in August and September 1913, with the original hybrid being rebuilt to a similar standard. Following tests of a Tractor Biplane fitted with ailerons instead of wing warping for lateral control,〔〔Robertson 1970, p.35〕 a further nine aircraft were ordered for the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) in September 1913.〔Mason 1982, pp. 78—79〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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